Power-hammer.



PATENT'ED JUNE 4, 1907. 0. B. REYNOLDS. POWER HAMMER; APPLICATION I'ILZII) DEO.11, 1906;

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PATBNTED JUNE 4, 1907.

'0. B. REYNOLDS. POWER HAMMER. APPLIIOATION FILED 30.11, 1905.

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OLIVER B. REYNOLDS, OF ELGIN, ILLINOIS.

POWER-HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 4, 1907.

Application filed December 11, 1905. Serial No. 291,234.

To all 11/72/0711 it may concern.

Be it known that I, OLIVER B. REY- NOLDS, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Elgin, in the county of Kane and State of Illinois,have invented new and useful Improvements in Power-Hammers, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in machinehammers, especially of the power-driven crank type, and it consists,essentially, in providing such machine with means which constitute animproved adjustable connection between the power devices and the pitmanhead whereby the stroke of the hammer or ram may be varied toaccommodate work of different thicknesses; and in a novel form offlexible or link connection, between the hammer or ram and the pitmanhead, with means for obtaining a varied compression of the spring and amore perfect, long and powerful stroke, said means operating to compressthe spring less at substantially the completion of the downward strokethan on the completion of the upward stroke, as I will hereinafterdescribe.

The invention also consists of the parts and the constructions andcombinations of parts which I will hereinafter describe and claim.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, and inwhich similar reference numerals indicate like parts throughout theseveral views,Figure 1, is a front elevation of a power hammer embodyingmy invention. Fig. 2, is 'an enlarged front elevation of the upperportion of the hammer detached showing portions broken away. Fig. 3, isa plan view of the links 40 showing one of the arms 15 and push bars 41in cross section. Fig. 4, is a detail in side elevation of theadjustable pitman head, showing the wrist pin sleeve in position. Fig.5, represents the wrist pin sleeve detached. 6, is a plan view of thenut or flange which removably fits the wristpin sleeve Fig. 7, is anedge view of the shoe. Fig. 8, is a plan view of Fig. 7. Fig. 9,represents a portion of the lever 30. Fig. 10,. is a perspective view ofthe wedge 29. Fig. 11, is a detail of the device for locking theadjusting nut 35.

In carrying out my invention I propose applying the several improvementsto any of the conventional forms of power hammers therefore I do notlimit my invention to the precise form of hammer shown. For presentpurposes and to make the invention fully understood, I have shown a wellknown form of hammer in which the frame 10 is a casting of a type commonto many machines, having in its upper portion suitable guides for areciprocal hammer or ram 11, said frame or casting having, also, anappropriate anvil 12 between which and the ram the work is placed to beoperated on by the joint action of the two.

The first portion of my invention has reference to means for adjustablyconnecting the crank disk with the pitman head, which means I have shownby the enlarged view, Fig. 2, wherein the said pitman head 13 has itsends provided with bearings for pins 14 which connect said head witharms 15 which I will hereinafter describe. The central portion of thepitman head 13 is provided with an elongated opening 16 one wall ofwhich is provided with teeth forming a rack surface 17; and through thisopen center of the pitman head extends the crank pin 18 of the disk.

around which passes the driving belt 21.

This belt may be constantly running loose on I the pulley in which caseit will be controlled by a belt tightener 22 to be operated by any ofthe well known methods.

On that portion of the crank pin 18 which extends through the opencenter of the pitman head, is a sleeve 26 having a segmental gearportion 24 adapted to mesh with the aforesaid rack surface 17 in or onthe wall of the opening 16, said sleeve having a fixed flange or collar25 at one end and having a threaded portion at the opposite end-adaptedto receive the nut or flange 26 (Fig. 6) said nut or flange and thefixed flange of the sleeve cooperating with the outer sides of thepitman head to hold the sleeve in place against longitudinal movement.The diameter of the opening 16 in the pitman head is in excess of thediameter of the sleeve, and in said opening and between the sleeve andthe-wall of the opening opposite to the rack surface, is placed a shoe27 (Figs. 7 and 8) one face of which is concaved to conform to thecurvature of the outside of the sleeve while the opposite face isstraight to fit the adjacent straight wall of the opening, said straightface being channeled transversely at 2 8 to receive a wedge-shaped block29 (Fig. 10) which extends beyond the end of the shoe and the end of thesleeve and is connected to a lever 30 pivoted to the pitman head at 31and extending outwardly to within easy reach of an operator whereby thewedge may be operated to substantially lock the sleeve to the racksurface 17, and to allow the sleeve to be quickly adjusted vertically inthe opening relative to the thickness of the work or to increase ordecrease the length of the stroke or amplitude of the ham mer or ram.

The connections heretofore described constitute a simple and quicklyoperable adj usting means for varying the length of the stroke of ramrelative to the work. It is also evident that my flexible pitman, t. e.a pitman made flexible by a spring, or springs, allows the ram or hammerto travel a greater distance than the crank disk would move the ram ifthe connection between the crank pin and pitman head was not flexible.The flexible pitman not only increases the length of travel of the rambut it alsoenables me to place substantially different thicknesses ofwork between the ram and anvil.

The second important feature of improvement in my present inventionrelates to a means whereby I am enabled to obtain a varied compressionof the spring and a. more perfect long and powerful stroke, and amovement which compresses the spring less on substantially thecompletion of the downward stroke than on substantially the completionof the upward stroke. To make this phase of the invention apparent, Iwill state I that the more a coiled spring is compressed the greater theresistance it will exert, while less compression of the spring insuresless resistance. Now if I compress the spring 31 shown in my drawingsless on the final part of thedownward stroke of the ram or hammer thanon the final part of the upward stroke thereof, there must result lessresistance of the spring on this part of the down- Ward movement of theram than on the corresponding upward movement. As the downward movementof the ram is checked and limited by the ram and anvil contacting withthe work, all the resistance that is actually required of the spring isonly enough to quickly lift the ram from the Work, but on the final partof the upward travel of the ram, through the geared rack-and-sleeveconnections described, the spring must present suflicient resistance tostop the continued upward travel thereof after the crank pin hascompleted its upward travel. I therefore contemplate so constructing theparts of my machine that the resistance of the spring 31 will be sovaried that the'force of the blow will not be checked by compressing thespring substantially more than-is required on the final part of the.downward vary within reasonable limits without'materially altering thescope of the invention, and

fixed centrally to, or in, the underside of the pitman head and passingloosely through an opening in the center of a sliding head 33. This headcarries an externally threaded tubular portion 34 through which the studor post 32 also passes, whereby the part 34 forms along guide andbearing for said post; and the tension of the spring 31 may be adjustedat pleasure by means of a follower or nut 35 on the threaded tubularextension of said head and bearing up under the spring. When the desiredtension is obtained, the nut is locked and held immovable by someappropriate means as by a pin 36 on the free end of a spring plate 37fixed to the sliding head and adapted to engage suitable holes 38 formedaround the nut or follower.

The arms 15 previously described as being journaled in the ends of thepitman head,

have their lower ends bifurcated or forked, and pins 39 extendtransversely through said forked ends and through the outer ends of thelinks 40 and push bars 41, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6.

The push bars form the connection between the sliding head 33 and thearms, and the links form the connection between the arms and the hammeror ram. The links have their inner ends fitting one Within the other andthey pivot upon a single bolt placed centrally in the hammer or ram; andthe push bars diverge downwardly from the sliding head, the outer endsof said links and push bars being contained within the forked lowerportions of the arms 15.

On the outer ends of the links 40 are formed rigid hub portions 42 andthese are made in the form of eccentrics therefore I shall hereinafterrefer to these parts as eccentrics hubs. These hubs fit correspondingopenings in the lower ends of the push bars, and While the meeting endsof the links, push barsand the arms 15 are connected by the pins 39 theeccentric hubs are journaled to turn in their bearings in the bars andto exert a pushing upward action on said bars to partially compress thespring 31 when the downward movement of the pitman head and the arms 15,plus the impact of the blow struck by the hammer, cause the links 40 to-move about their pivotal center 44 and their outer ends to assume apositionmomentarily below the horizontal plane of said pivotal center.

crank pin 18. l/Vhen the pitman head and arms 15 are moving downward andabout the time the crank pin has completed its downward travel and theblow is about to be struck, the inner ends of the links 40 are flexeddownward, below the plane of the single pivot bolt 44 about which thelinks turn, which movement results in the lower ends of the arms 15being drawn inward. toward each other; and as the lower ends of the pushbars journal upon the rigid eccentric hubs 42 the thinner portions ofthe hubs or the portions having the least eccentricity are turnedupwardly relative to the push bars and through the sliding head 33 andthe nut or follower 35 compressing the spring 31 only substantiallyenough to cause it to quickly raise the ham mer from the work at thecompletion of the blow. Then the sliding head 33 is thus only slightlymoved upwardly by the downward movement of the inner or pivoted ends ofthe links, or when the links 40 are flexed downwardly and the pivotalpoint 44 is below the plane of the pins 39, the spring 31 is not compressed as much as it is when the links are flexed upwardly, because thepush bars be ing mounted on the eccentric hubs of the links, when theinner ends of the links are moved downward, the centers of the eccentric hubs are at lower points than when the links are in line with eachother and with the single pivot bolt; and when the inner ends of thelinks are moved upwardly, the thicker or more eccentric portions of thehubs are turned upwardly or in other words the centers of the eccentricsare at a higher point.

By locating the holes in the eccentric hubs a greater or less distancefrom the true center of the hubs, makes the diflerence between thecompression of the spring on the downward and upward movement of the ramvary more or less.

By my described arrangement of parts, the spring is compressed less onthe final art of the downward stroke than on the mal partof the upwardstroke, when the travel of the ram is the same in each direction.

In my construction of pitman, the inner ends of the links pivot from onebolt or center, therefore the pitman pivots from one center at each endand the angle of the two links is the same relative to the other partsof the pitman, at all positions of the links. As a general rule powerhammers, as far as I am aware, have the inner ends of the links pivotedfrom two centers therefore the movement of the pitman is not nearly soperfect.

To fully understand the function of my flexible pitman and the statementthat the spring 31 is compressed less in one direction of the travel ofthe ram than in the other, the following facts should be kept in view:First, that when the crank pin is at its lowest point, the die of theram should not come within two-and-one-half or three inches of the diescribed construction enables the ram to con tinue its movement after thecrank pin has completed its movement in that direction and has turned tomove in the opposite direction, therefore it can be said that the ramtravels a greater distance than the throw of the crank pin. Third, thatthe force of the blow and the travel of the ram varies with the speed ofthe machine. Fourth, that when the ram is at rest, the inner ends of thelinks 40 are, because of the weight of the ram, at a lower plane thanthe outer ends therefore the thicker portions of the eccentric hubs areturned downwardly, and the spring 31 is under but little compression.Now when the machine is started to make the ram strike the work, thiscondition of the links, i. e., flexed downwardly, will be preserved asthe links andram move together in the same direction. As the ram becauseof the link connections has a greater travel than that which is given toit by the crank pin, it is manifest that this increase of travel occurswhen the crank pin has completed its movement in the direction the ramis traveling and has commenced to move in the opposite direction, thisincreased travel of the ram occurring during the final part of the'upward and downward stroke thereof, this increased travel of the ramresulting in an increase in the force of the blow struck when the ram istraveling downward; and this increased travel of the ram in an upwarddirection is retarded by the spring 31 which is compressed more on theupward travel of the ram than on the downward travel thereof.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is,

1. In a power'hammer the combination of a hammer or ram, a drivertherefor, hammer suspending means including a pitman head, said headhaving an open center, and interengaging toothed members between thedriver and the pitman head for adjusting the throw of the hammer, saidmembers including a toothed sleeve mounted in the open center of thepitman head, a rack surface on said head engaged by the sleeve, andmeans for locking the sleeve in position.

2. In a power hammer thecombination of a hammer or ram, hammersuspending means, a power-driven wrist-pin member, a sleeve on saidmember having a toothed surface, a toothed surface on a member of thesuspending means engaged by said sleeve, and means whereby the sleevemaybe adj usted to vary the throw of the hammer, and

means for locking the sleeve in its adjusted position.

3. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of apitman head having an open center provided with a rack surface, a wristpin extending through said open center of the head, a sleeve turnable onsaid pin having teeth to engage said rack surface, and means for lockingthe sleeve in its adjusted position.

4. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of apitman head having an open center, provided with a rack surface, awrist-pin passing through the open center of the head, a sleeve on saidpin having teeth to engage the rack surface, said sleeve being turnableon the wrist pin to vary the throw of the hammer, and means for fixedlysecuring the sleeve in its adjusted position.

5. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of apitman head having a central opening, a wrist-pin operable in saidopening, a sleeve on the pin, said sleeve having teeth and a wall of theopening having a rack surface engaged thereby, said sleeve beingadjustable relative to the rack surface to vary the throw of the hammerandmeans disposed between the sleeve and a wall of said central openingfor locking the sleeve to the rack surface after adjustment.

6. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of apitman head having a central opening provided with a rack surface, awrist-pin operable in said opening and provided with a loose sleeve,said sleeve having teeth to engage said rack surface and beingadjustable relative thereto to vary the throw of the hammer, a shoe inthe opening between the wall thereof and said sleeve, a wedge and awedge-operating means for locking the sleeve in its adjusted position tosaid head.

7. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of apitman head therefor said head having an opening in its central portion,a wrist pin extending through said opening, a sleeve mounted on the pinsaid sleeve having a portion of its surface provided with teeth and oneof the walls of said opening having a rack to be engaged by said teeth,flanges at opposite ends of the sleeve for holding it againstlongitudinal movement, one of said flanges being rigid. with the sleeveand the other flange removably secured, a shoe bearing upon the sleeve,and a wedge and operating lever for moving the shoe to lock the adjustedsleeve to said head.

8. In a power hammer, the combination with the hammer and the hammeroperating means, of a pitman head interposed therebetween, a springcontacting withthe pitman head, flexible connections between the pitmanhead and hammer, and other connections including eccentric members andpush bars between the first-named connections and the spring, whereby asuperior compression of the spring is obtained during the final part ofthe upward travel of the hammer and an inferior compression is obtainedduring the final part of the downward travel of said hammer. s

9. In a power hammer, the combination of a hammer, hammer operatingmeans, a

pitman head, a spring contacting with the pitman head, a flexibleconnection between the head and the hammer and connections between thehammer and the spring said last-named connections including eccentricmembers turnable by and in unison with the reciprocations of the hammerand adapted to compress the spring to a lesser extent on the final partof the movement of the hammer in a downward direction than on thecorresponding part of the upward. movement thereof.

10. In a power hammer the combination with the hammer and hammeroperating means, of a pitman head, arms depending therefrom, linksconnecting with the outer ends of said arms, a single bolt pivotallyconnecting the inner ends of said links to the hammer whereby said endsmove together in the same direction, a slidably mounted head and aspring or cushion between the same and the pitman head, and barsconnecting the outer ends of the links with the slidable head said linkshaving eccentric hub portions operating upon the rods to move them inthe direction of their length and said hubs adapted to cause the bars tocompress the spring to a greater extent on the final portion of theupward movement of the hammer than on the final portion of the downwardmovement.

11. In a power hammer, the combination of a hammer or ram, oppositelyextending links having overlapping inner ends pivoted at a single pointto the hammer said links having eccentric hub portions at their outerends, pivoted arms to which the outer ends of the links are connected, apitman head connecting the arms, means for operating thepitman head, apost depending from the pitman head, a slidable head guided on the post,a spring surrounding the 0st and confined between the pitman head andslidable head, and bars connected to the slidable head and extending toand journaled on the eccentric hubs of the links, said hubs, when thelinks are flexed downward, operating through the bars to compress thespring less on the final portion of the downward movement of the hammerthan on the final portion of the upward movement thereof.

12. In a power hammer the combination with the hammer and complementaryhammer suspending means including a pitman head, links dependingtherefrom oppositely extending links having their outer ends pivotallyconnected to the first-named links, said second links having their innerends pivoted to the hammer by a single pivot and having eccentricportions on their outer ends, a spring in the hammer connections, aslidably mounted head operating upwardly against said spring, and pushbars having lower portions mounted on the eccentric portions of thelinks and having upper ends connected to the slidable head, saideccentric portions so arranged that the downward flexure of the linkswill enable the bars to move downwardly and the spring to be compressedless than when the links are flexed upwardly.

13. In a power hammer the combination with the hammer and complementaryhammer suspending means including a pitrnan head, links dependingtherefrom oppositely extending links having their outer ends pivotallyconnected to the first-named links, said second links having their innerends pivoted to the hammer by a single pivot and having eccentricportions on their outer ends, a spring in the hammer connections, aslid- OLIVER B. REYNOLDS.

Witnesses:

H. M. WARREN, G. E. HAWTHORNE.

